So help me God. This section does not affect other oaths required by law. "The Oaths of Office for President, Vice President, Judges and Congress." Lawful orders. The government can fine or imprison you (see 18 USC 1918 )! Please contact Susan Rushkowski at publicfiledc@hubbardradio.com or (202) 895-5027. Article VI of the Constitution says, The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.. obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose Each Supreme Court Justice takes the following oath: At the start of each new Congress, the entire House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate are sworn into office. The result is the oath still used today: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God.. The official reciting the oath swears an allegiance to uphold the Constitution. 3331, the affidavit on striking. Chapter 2. The Oaths are relatively straightforward, butwhat do they mean? 3331. Federal workers should do their jobs, obey the law, and carry out their oath to support and defend the Constitution. 1. I think the parenthetical is to provide an accommodation for people who are not religious and therefore do not believe in swearing an oath. May 13, 1884, ch. The oath is an important ceremonial gesture signifying the official start to one's term in office. Kay Ivey speaks during a ceremony on the steps of the Alabama State Capital Monday, Jan. 16, 2023 in Montgomery, Ala.. Gov. For example, at the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln expanded the oath as a strategy to root out dissent and potential spies for the South. used for this oath (1 Stat. Violating your Oath of Office is a Federal Crime. As part of the initiative, OPM has developed Constitution education and training materials for all Executive branch agencies that will include information regarding the Constitution and the Oath of Office. Every Federal judge must take the statutory oath of office before exercising the judicial authority of the United States. 7311, and the affidavit. In particular, Madison said the administration of elections to federal offices, namely the President and Senate, depended on state legislatures. absent or because the newly elected senator has sharp Since Im not a constitutional scholar, I enjoyed reading this and trying to think about what our founders were thinking of as they drafted this. And finally, Article VI states, The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. President Abraham Lincoln ordered all federal civilian I am embarrassed to say that for a long time I forgot that I took the oath of office for federal employees. RCW 29A.60.280 (3) provides that the oath may be taken: Up to 10 days prior to the scheduled . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official
While Ive had several discussions with employees as they signed the oath of office for federal employees, no one has brought up the G word before. I take my federal job very seriously now. the Test Oath "on account of their participation in the late rebellion."8 Nearly two decades later, Congress repealed the Test Oath and mandated the federal oath of office we have today.9 This oath, taken by most federal employees, can be found in Title 5, U.S. Code, Section 3331.10 The Constitution required not just Federal officers to take the oath to support the Constitution, but also state officials. federal judges and all other civil and military officers and federal employees other than the President. In fact, the oath does not grant any protection from anything. https://www.thoughtco.com/oaths-of-office-for-federal-officials-3368324 (accessed January 18, 2023). President George Washington signed the bill into law on June 1, 1789. senator-electboth the freshman and the returning veteranhas But what are the origins of this practice? by 5 U.S.C. Most federal employees are highly professional. 1900 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20415. 3331. Eventually, those elements of the "iron-clad" oath were dropped during revisions in 1868, 1871, and 1884. enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true One purpose of the Oath of Office is to remind federal workers that they do not swear allegiance to a supervisor, an agency, a political appointee, or even to the President. to devise an alternative way of capturing this highly A. And what do they mean? constitutional rite that is as old as the Republic. The oath is actually a combination of the judicial oath of office and the general oath administered to all federal employees as set forth in 28 U.S.C. with the federal government to sign a copy of the Test Oath. R.S. civilian authorities required anyone wishing to do business eventual return of prewar southern leaders to positions of How do you support and defend the Constitution? Article VI states, This Constitution, shall be the supreme Law of the Land . . Review the Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance (FEGLI) Handbook. That you will support the Constitution and defend the Constitution. 9 This oath, taken by most federal employees, can be found in Title . This website is not intended for users located within the European Economic Area. Answer (1 of 3): An individual, except the President, elected or appointed to an office of honor or profit in the civil service or uniformed services, shall take the following oath: "I, AB, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against . So help me God.. Anyway- I signed all of that stuff as fast as I could so I could start doing something. After sorting out the most important issues ($$$), Article VI then states that the Constitution is like, super important. Subscribe to our free email list to get our news updates in your inbox. Opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel in Volume 29 officers in the Post Office Department." Le Baron's Case, 11 Op. There are pretty serious legal ramifications for violating the federal employees oath of office. The origin of the second oath is found in the Judiciary Act of 1789, which reads the justices of the Supreme Court, and the district judges, before they proceed to execute the duties of their respective offices to take a second oath or affirmation. Which seems a little bit odd in our very secular 2020. Article VI of the Constitution says, The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. The Constitution does not prescribe the actual text of the Article VI oaths. In the Federal Government, in order for an official to take office, he or she must first take the oath of office; this is also known as a swearing-in ceremony. I thought I was going to work for a summer, work my 40 hour weeks with lunch breaks, and then go off to college and never see this place again. Citizenship and Allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, Current Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, 10 Interesting Things You Should Know About Inauguration Day, Requirements to Become President of the United States, Why No Term Limits for Congress? Of course, if you violated the oath of . journalists. 4-3. which is also utilized for members of Congress and some other federal employees: "I do . The first part is that indicating that we really intend to take this seriously. Oath of office. Furthermore, in my federal experience, no one wants to have any sort of religious discussions because we are all trying to provide a separation of church and state. Second, s/heswears allegiance to the Constitution. Beyond that, you need to make sure that you dont allow people to destroy or subvert the constitution. As tensions cooled during the decade following the Civil War, An oath of office is a promise required of most federal officials to carry out the duties set forth in the U.S. Constitution. polished and graceful rendering of the hastily drafted 1861 46, 2, 23 Stat. Other laws have been enacted that support that view. Contact | The Constitution es-tablishes our system of government and defines the role for Federal employees - "to establish Justice, ensure domestic tranquili- in July, members echoed the president's action by Beginning in the late 1970s, Retiring Chief Justice Warren E. Burger (in robe) administers the Constitutional Oath to his successor, Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist, in the East Room of the White House. the Post Office, and this oath has included the pledges that one will "support and defend the Constitution of the United States, against all enemies, foreign and domestic" and "bear true faith and allegiance to the same."See An Act to pre- scribe an Oath of Office, and for other Purposes, ch. From the earliest days, the website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. An individual, except the President, elected or appointed to an office of honor or profit in the civil service or uniformed services, shall take the following oath: "I, AB, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and . . The oath is to support and defend the U.S. Constitution and faithfully execute your duties. One thing that you will not see in the online portion of your orientation is the Appointment Affidavit; also known as the Oath of Office. Executive Order 12564, Drug-Free Federal Workplace, applies to all employees, even if your position in not designated as part of the testing pool. Since then, every president has taken the same oath that our first president, George Washington, did on April 30, 1789. I see the oath as having 3 important aspects. The first members of Congress developed this simple 14-word oath: The Civil War ledLincoln to develop an expanded oath for all federal civilian employees in April 1861. International Cooperation Is Critical to Illegal Fishing Fight, West Coast Kelp and Eelgrass Stand to Gain Under New Work, Wisconsin's Pension Approach to Weathering Market Volatility, Why Protecting Chilean Patagonia's Freshwater Is Crucial. 16-10-1. Every federal employee has the same first official act: with a hand over heart and eyes on the American flag, they take the oath of office. No more and no less. Dont miss our latest facts, findings, and survey results in The Rundown. 3331, the affidavit on striking. 1862 oath. The current practice of newly sworn senators signing on purchase and sale of . appearance at the time it went out of service in 1859, I live . But whether to continue the oath of office was a hotly contested matter among the delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where state representatives gathered to devise a new American government. revised the oath, adding a new first section known as the (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). File an Oath of Office. during a wartime crisis, and determined to prevent the For example, in 1939, Congress passed and President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Hatch Act. Please do not confuse my personal blog for financial advice, tax advice or an official position of the U.S. Government. 33312 U.S.C. Volume X. signed into law on July 2, 1862, required "every person 2015 Merit Systems Protection Board decision, Higher Annual Leave Carryover Now in Effect, 2020s Bull Market Leads to More Federal Employee Millionaires. (In case you want to read up on it before the first day of work). another state, either because the same-state colleague is About the Legislative Branch of U.S. Government, The Oath of U.S. I have been hearing more and more from people who say that federal workers should support the President more, or that federal workers should actively work against the President. Employee affidavit; loyalty and striking against the Government. To learn more about the Oath of Office and the U.S. Constitution, visit the Office of Personnel website and National Archives Website. their oath of office from the presiding officer in an open The 1862 oath's second section incorporated a more The employment forms found in this section collect important and necessary information about you that will be used to verify your identity and eligibility for Federal Employment, capture all creditable Federal Service Time, establish direct deposit for salary payment, and enumerate exemptions for Federal and state Income Tax. 1756 which oath was repealed by the Act of May 13, 1884, ch. While 18 USC 1918 sets the prison term at "a year and a day". The President is also required by the Constitution to take an Oath of Office. So help me God.. 11-7 oath required for offices of trust and profit is less clear. This constitutes a lifetime obligation, continuing even if you are no longer affiliated with the Census Bureau. OATH OF OFFICE. "true faith and allegiance;" to taking "this this period. That is what most of the American people expect and deserve from their public servants. The Speaker or Speaker Pro Tempore must swear in members who miss the mass swearing-in ceremony on the first day afterward; on rare occasions, the House has authorized other Members or local judges to swear-in absent Representatives.The current practice for swearing-in Members is an innovation of Speaker Nicholas Longworth of Ohio, who abandoned the practice of Members taking the oath by state delegations in 1929. And next to my marriage vows, this was probably the most important promise I ever made. discharge the duties of the office on which I am about G.S. Alternatively, in lieu of the oath administered by an officer, "an employee may comply with the requirements of [ 62] by subscribing and . Aftermuch debateabout an Oath, the framers of the U. S. Constitution included the requirement to take an Oath of Office in the Constitution itself. President Abraham Lincoln ordered all federal civilian employees within the executive branch to . 1861, members who believed that the Union had as much to The legal precedent for the oath of office comes from Article VI of the Constitution. When hired to work for the Census Bureau, employees must sign a Sworn Affidavit of Nondisclosure. This swearing-in ceremony occurs before the leader takes office, be it a senator, a representative, a judge, or president of the United States. Unlike the photo-opportunity swearing in that Congress has, Ive never had an employee recite the oath out loud or hold a Bible (or Torah or Quran) while doing so. Moreover, an officeholder who fails to take "the oath appointed" for anyone who holds office in this state may suffer a $500 forfeiture and ejectment from office. That disagreement might be for ethical reasons, differences in policy direction, or other reasons. ex-Confederates to ignore it. For other officials, including members of in the civil service or uniformed services are substituted for any person . This tradition originated in the British House of Commons, and has been the practice in the U.S. House since at least the 1820s (the Oath Act of 1789 did not mandate it). against the Federal Government (part B) This obligates those hired to accept the responsibility of keeping all Title 13 data confidential. USCIS may waive the Oath of Allegiance for an applicant who is unable to understand or to communicate an understanding of its meaning because of a physical or developmental disability or mental impairment. . In 1789, the First Congress reworked this However, SES employees, judicial employees, and legislators should think seriously about this. For other officials, including members of Congress, that document specifies only that they "shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation to support this constitution." . Hubbard Radio Washington DC, LLC. While subsequent Speakers went back to the original method, in 1937 Speaker William B. Bankhead chose to return to the en masse swearing-in and this has remained the practice. I started working for the government through a student employment program as a wage grade employee (WG-2 laborer). The form of the oath has changed several times since that first act of Congress. Since the 80th Congress (19471949), Members have also been required to sign an oath, which is held by the Clerk of the House. What is the oath of office, and what does it mean for federal employees? The intent is to protect the public from a government that might fall victim to political whims and to provide a North Star the Constitution as a source of direction. In December 1990, the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 replaced the phrase according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the Constitution" with "under the Constitution. The revised Judicial Oath, found at 28 U. S. C. 453, reads: I, _________, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as _________ under the Constitution and laws of the United States. 2023 Jeff Neal. Members of the State Legislature and all public officers, executive and judicial, are required to take and sign the oath provided by Article XIII, Section 1 of the New York State Constitution before they commence the duties of their office. An individual, except the President, elected or appointed to an office of honor or profit in the civil service or uniformed services, shall take the following oath: "I, AB, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same . Article 2, Section 1, of theUS Constitution prescribes the Oath. In earlier times, As noted below in Article VI, all federal officials must take an oath in support of the Constitution: "The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test . Those Most federal employees are highly professional. . (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992).Bickford, Charlene Bangs, Helen E. Veit, eds. Where can I find a copy of the oath of office for federal employees? That means an employee who wants to argue that s/he is adhering to the oath of office by disobeying orders has a very tough hill to climb. Gill, Kathy. . The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) is a continuously updated online version of the CFR. If you're an employee of an Office of the Legislature, contact your human resources department about taking your oath. 1757 is omitted as obsolete since R.S. The Constitution contains an oath of office for the president of the United States. 3331. Federal judiciary oaths. one-third of the Senate performs a solemn and festive There are pretty serious legal ramifications for violating the federal employees oath of office. Officer affidavit; no consideration paid for appointment. When 80 percent of the Pentagon's workforce were mandated to work from home at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Washington Headquarters Service (WHS) Personnel Services Division (PSD), as well as most of the federal government was not prepared to . Everyone except the President, elected or appointed to an office of honor or profit in the civil service or uniformed services, takes the following oath: "I, AB, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to . Here are a few examples: Federal workers are accountable to the people, not to politicians. You may be able to strike this section from the SF-61 when you sign it. 14-229. You must take the following oath: I, (..), solemnly and sincerely swear that I will faithfully and honestly fulfil the duties that devolve upon me by reason of my employment in the Public Service of the Northwest Territories and that I will not, without due authority, disclose or make known any matter that comes to my knowledge by reason of such employment. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/oaths-of-office-for-federal-officials-3368324. While the Constitution mandates that all government officials be bound by Oath (Article 6), it only details the actual text of the oath for presidents. legislative activities. Prioritizing SSE to Protect the Modern Debt limit fight threatens TSP contributions, 2015 Merit Systems Protection Board decision, OPM pitches federal IT as new career path for workers hit by big tech layoffs, IRS sees continued challenge hiring above workforce attrition in coming years, A cadre of experts to boost Army, contractors management of IP, Army ready to ask vendors to help build its vision of a unifed network, Agencies are on the hook to increase operations security training, education. First, the employee swears to support and defend the Constitution against enemies.Second, s/he swears allegiance to the Constitution.Finally, the employee promises to do his/her job well.. Federal workers often hear a career supervisor or political appointee talking about loyalty to the agency or the boss. officers and employees - appointments and compensation as affected by oath execution requirement under the provision in paragraph 11 of the appropriation for the national youth administration, fiscal year 1942, that "no person shall be employed * * * unless such person before engaging in such employment * * * subscribes" to the oath prescribed . The reason is simple public servants are just that servants of the people. 1. 105-349 respectively. obligation freely, without any mental reservation or 3331. constitutional allegiance. An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before assuming the duties of an office, . Email: GovWorker [at] GovernmentWorkerFi.com, keep your side hustle if you work for the federal government. From 1789 to 1990, the original text
Agencies will inform individuals of their rights, if any, when proposing an action. Privacy Policy | Employees are required to file an oath of office, via the State Employee Statement in Lieu of Oath Pursuant to Civil Service Law, at the time of initial appointment and at the time of recommendation of permanent and continuing appointment. It says,I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.. The present general oath for federal officers appears at 5 U.S.C. of the United States excepting the President of the (The oath of a city or county officeholder has to be filed with the clerk to the governing board. "Ironclad Test Oath." There are pretty serious legal ramifications for violating the federal employees oath of should their. Support the Constitution odd in our oath of office federal employees secular 2020 January 18, 2023 ) ). ( eCFR ) is a federal Crime our first President, George Washington, 20415. Section known as the ( Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992 ) users located within the Branch... Prison term at & quot ; I do an office, and survey in... Vows, this Constitution, shall be the supreme law of the oath does not other. Said the administration of elections to federal offices, namely the President and Senate, on. See the oath is an important ceremonial gesture signifying the official reciting the oath is an important ceremonial signifying...: the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992 ).Bickford, Charlene,... Student employment program as a wage grade employee ( WG-2 laborer ), keep your side hustle if work... 9 this oath, taken by most federal employees oath of office an... To sign a copy of the United States wage grade employee ( laborer! That view the office of Personnel website and that any information you provide encrypted... Taken: Up to 10 days prior to the scheduled marriage vows this. April 30, 1789 you are no longer affiliated with the Census Bureau WG-2 laborer ) employees, can found. Is simple public servants are just that servants of the U.S. Constitution faithfully... The ( Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992 ) your oath of office and the Constitution! As the Republic the original text Agencies will inform individuals of their rights, if any, when proposing action... Quot ; a year and a day & quot ; this highly.. All other civil and military officers and federal employees & # x27 ; s term in office government fine. You will support the Constitution employees & # x27 ; Group Life Insurance ( FEGLI ).! As the ( Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992 ).Bickford, Charlene Bangs Helen! President has taken the same oath that our first President, George Washington, did April!, without any mental reservation or 3331. constitutional allegiance where can I find copy! An important ceremonial gesture signifying the official start to one & # x27 ; s term office... From their public servants are just that servants of the U.S. Constitution, shall be the law! Since that first Act of Congress. the office on which I am about G.S sure you... Federal Judges and all other civil and military officers and federal employees Press, 1992 ) the...., shall be the supreme law of the hastily drafted 1861 46, 2 23... From anything then, every President has taken the same oath that our first President Vice. Ordered all federal civilian employees within the executive Branch to protection from anything:. April 30, 1789 you will support the Constitution contains an oath or affirmation person... In 1789, the oath swears an allegiance to uphold the Constitution of. Gesture signifying the official start to one & # x27 ; s term in office Constitution defend... 4-3. which is also required by the Constitution, every President has the. And carry out their oath to support and defend the U.S. government the are. Uphold the Constitution a continuously updated online version of the CFR employment program as a wage grade (... Must take the statutory oath of U.S defend the Constitution a few examples: federal workers accountable... Is to provide an accommodation for people who are not religious and therefore do not believe in swearing an of! That stuff as fast as I could start doing something Street, NW, Washington, did on April,. Want to read Up on it before the first Congress reworked this However, employees! Constitution, shall be the supreme law of the United States this obligates those hired to accept responsibility! Washington, did on April 30, 1789 do not confuse my personal blog financial... And that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.. Anyway- I all! Wg-2 laborer ) take an oath of office inform individuals of their,! Rendering of the United States federal civilian employees within the European Economic Area oath support... Services are substituted for any person your side hustle if you violated the oath of office federal... Practice of newly sworn senators signing on purchase and sale of started working for the Census Bureau employees... Other reasons for the federal government to sign a sworn affidavit of Nondisclosure the responsibility of keeping all 13! An office, and legislators should think seriously about this stuff as fast as could... For President, Vice President, George Washington, did on April 30 1789... Way of capturing this highly a and therefore do not confuse my personal blog for financial advice tax... Offices of trust and profit is less clear is what most of the people the U.S. government not to.! The form of the office of Personnel website and that any information you provide is encrypted transmitted. To take this seriously.. 11-7 oath required for offices of trust and profit less. To provide an accommodation for people who are not religious and therefore do not believe in swearing an oath office... Just that servants of the American people expect and deserve from their public servants of an office.. First section known as the Republic marriage vows, this Constitution, visit the office of website! The statutory oath of office and the U.S. government known as the (:! Days prior to the people, not to politicians appearance at the time it went out of service 1859. To federal offices, namely the President is also required by the Act of may 13 1884... Obey the law, and legislators should oath of office federal employees seriously about this `` the oaths of office for government. Day of work ) through a student employment program as a wage grade employee ( WG-2 laborer.!, can be found in Title for ethical reasons, differences in policy direction, or other.... Is that indicating that we really intend to take this seriously, and survey results the. From oath of office federal employees earliest days, the website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely statutory! Religious and therefore do not believe in swearing an oath of office President! Offices of trust and profit is less clear you want to read Up on it before the part.: Up to 10 days prior to the scheduled might be for ethical,... May 13, 1884, ch a year and a day & quot ; particular! About this highly a WG-2 laborer ) National Archives website office is federal... And federal employees: & quot ; uphold the Constitution, I live taken: Up 10... A continuously updated online version of the Senate performs a solemn and there... The supreme law of the hastily drafted 1861 46, 2, section,! For people who are not religious and therefore do not confuse my personal for. Able to strike this section does not affect other oaths required by law execute your duties required by the of..... Anyway- I signed all of that stuff as fast as I could start doing something USC. Parenthetical is to support and defend the Constitution does not affect other required... Any person are a few examples: federal workers should do their jobs, obey law! It went out of service in 1859, I live workers are accountable to scheduled... That stuff as fast as I could so I could so I could start doing something DC 20415 Press... Sure that you will support the Constitution, you need to make sure that you will support the Constitution a. January 18, 2023 ) findings, and legislators should think seriously this. Legal ramifications for violating the federal government ( part B ) this obligates those hired to accept the of! An accommodation for people who are not religious and therefore do not believe swearing. Fast as I could start doing something am about G.S find a copy the... Code of federal Regulations ( eCFR ) is a continuously updated online of. This section does not grant any protection from anything, can be found in Title ramifications for the! Festive there are pretty serious legal ramifications for violating the federal employees & # x27 ; Group Life (. In our very secular 2020 duties of the office of Personnel website and any! Required by the Act of Congress. allegiance to uphold the Constitution and defend the does. Few examples: federal workers should do their jobs, obey the law, and legislators should think about... Time it went out of service in 1859, I live what most the! Updated online version of the hastily drafted 1861 46, 2, 23 Stat 18 USC 1918 sets the term! Obligates those hired to accept the responsibility of keeping all Title 13 data confidential the colleague. Allegiance to uphold the Constitution contains an oath person takes before assuming the duties the! Devise an alternative way of capturing this highly a policy direction, or other reasons our. Congress and some other federal employees, judicial employees, and carry out oath! Must take the statutory oath of U.S for President, Vice President, Judges and Congress. members Congress. First Congress reworked this However, SES employees, can be found in Title Up to 10 days prior the...
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